Prevention programs - Lead Safe Illinois. Programs and strategic plans. CLEAR- Win Initiative. Deteriorating lead paint on windows is the greatest source of lead poisoning for children. The Comprehensive Lead Reduction and Window Replacement Program Act (CLEAR- Win), passed in 2. Build Illinois Bond Fund, is a prevention- focused program that aims to replace windows in low- income properties in Illinois. Windows are the greatest source of lead paint poisoning for children. The program will provide grants and loans in the Peoria community and the Englewood and West Englewood communities in Chicago. In addition, the program seeks to support community economic development by using windows manufactured and assembled in Illinois and by training local individuals to do the work. For more information, contact Lead Safe Illinois. Chicago Municipal Code. A unique provision in the City of Chicago Municipal Code defines lead poisoning as a blood lead level of 5 micrograms per deciliter (. This helps to identify children before a greater amount of lead builds up in the child's body and prevents further damage in the child's developing brain. In Chicago, a test result of 5 . All children in Chicago are required by law to be tested for lead poisoning by their health provider. Learn more about blood lead levels and testing requirements. Lead abatement financial assistance programs. The Chicago Department of Public Health has limited grant funding to assist low- income homeowners and landlords of affordable housing with eliminating lead hazards in their buildings. These programs offer between 5. Assistance is offered as grants, loans, or forgivable loans. Eligibility varies based on the program, and can only be determined upon application. In general all properties must: have been built before 1. Find Lead Abatement Contractors in Chicago. Chicago Lead Abatement Contractors you can. I have a notice from City of Chicago for a hearing for finding of lead. CDC’s Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program - State Programs - New Jersey. Chicago; Colorado; Connecticut. New Jersey Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. If property was not already inspected, CDPH inspectors will identify hazards before any work starts - you do not need to have hazards identified before applying)have all units in the building participate in the program. It's a coalition of community, housing and children's health advocates; city, county, state and federal government officials; realtors and property owners; parents of lead poisoned children, and representatives of the insurance and financial industries. Lead Safe Chicago is working to: Maximize the number of affordable, lead safe housing units especially in. Low- income, owner- occupied properties of more than five units. Smaller, multi- family rental units of more than five units with low- income tenants. Larger, multi- family units serving low- income tenants. All other units in Chicago. Motivate property owners to take the initiative in making their properties lead safe. Increase identification of young children who are at risk for lead poisoning. Raise awareness among legislators, decision makers, and media about lead poisoning and how to prevent it. To learn more about lead poisoning in Chicago, visit the Chicago Department of Public Health. Download the Lead Safe Chicago brochure. Downloadable materials for your community group. Help get the word out about EPA's Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule, effective in 2. The Lead Poisoning Prevention Act calls for hardware and paint supply stores to educate customers by displaying a poster or offering brochures on working safely when remodeling homes that have lead paint, also know as Lead Safe Work Practices. Local health departments can use the Lead- Safe Work Practices Workbook as a resource to establish relationships with retailers and help retailers to comply with the law. Contact the Loyola Civitas Child. Law Center at (3.
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Create & Use Email Templates In Outlook 2. While sending an email, sometimes you find out that it is the same email you have sent last week or few days back and you will probably need to send the exact email with same recipient address, subject, body text again in coming days. Before sending email, save it as an email template. Outlook 2. 01. 0 provides you with an option to create an email template for later use. Thus, preventing you to compose same email over & over again. To start out with creating a template, launch Outlook 2. Home tab and click New E- mail. Start composing an email, enter recipients email address(es), subject and main email body text. Now on File menu, click Save as. From Save as type list, select Outlook Template and give template an appropriate name. For using this template, navigate to Developer tab (in case you don. Click OK to to see Developer tab on the ribbon.)Now head over to Developer tab, click Choose Form. It will bring up Choose Form dialog, From Look In drop- down list, select User Templates in File System, from main dialog window, select the previously created template and click Open. It will immediately open email template, with same subject, recipients email addresses, theme and email body text. Now you can send it and use this template again by following the same procedure. Email forms in Outlook are templates that include a preselected set of features. This is particularly useful if you send out newsletters, information forms or other. A template for everyone. Whether you're a beginner, a design star, or somewhere in between, MailChimp has a template for you. Predesigned templates.You can also check our previously reviewed guides on How to add national holidays in Outlook 2. How to make Outlook to read mails for you. Create & Use Email Templates In Outlook 2010. To start out with creating a template, launch Outlook. Plusieurs centaines de templates responsive et gratuits pour la cr. Find the perfect template. Start Office and then search. The templates you see here are free samples. Office 2010 Administrative Template files (ADM, ADMX/ADML) and Office Customization Tool download. Get the free email app for iOS, Android, and Windows. Avoid continually drafting email messages that contain the same basic information by creating an email message template in Microsoft Outlook. After you create a new. Create templates for email. Save time when creating multiple email messages by making email templates. Make email creation a breeze with this Outlook email template that comes with an impressive drag and drop option so you can customize your template with ease. Here is the Basics Of creating a HTML template for email to be used in Outlook 2010. This video will cover the compiling of your basic website uploading to. For those of you who have downloaded the patch to make The Sims into The Sims v1.1, The new money cheat is ROSEBUD. Anybody got any Cheats or tips for Sims 1? Sims 2 Cheat Codes and Secrets (PS2) 2. I don't play The Sims anylonger! The Sims PS2 Cheats - Duration: 1:23. How to get infinite money on the sims - Duration: 3:31. The Sims Cheats, Hints, and Cheat Codes for the PCCheats. During play, press Ctrl+Shift+C to bring up the cheat window. Now type in one of the following: rosebud. GameFAQs has 34 cheat codes and secrets. 3DS DS iOS PC PS3 PS4 PSP Vita Wii U Xbox 360 Xbox One More. If you have The Sims v. 1.1 or the 'klapaucius' code doesn't work. You'll need to have enough money to pay the. The best place to get cheats, codes, cheat codes, walkthrough, guide. Daily Dispatch; Videos; Top Lists; Features; News; PS4; Xbox One; PC; Wii U. Borrow $800 from Mom in Get. Gameplay Author: SteveB Published: Oct 31, 2008 Views: 92884. To get the cheats to work type CTRL+SHIFT+C then type them in. Note that some cheats do NOT work with all expansions packs! Gives you 1. 00. 0 simoleons (for patched version)klapaucius. Gives you 1. 00. 0 Simoleons (for unpatched version)motherlode. Gives you 5. 0,0. Simoleons (for patched version)! Repeats last cheat; Type between codes to enter several at the same time(ex. Then type rosebud; : and then press enter and it will say no such cheat. Just keep pressing enterand watch your money grow. Related: The Sims Review. Hints: Stop! Thief!: When you are being visited by a burglar, immediately call the cops, then go stand in front of the . The thief can't escape, the cops will arrest him and you will get money for making the arrest possible. This will cover your losses. This works best if you only have one . Otherwise the thief will have several escape routes and it won't work. Note: It's a good thing to have a phone next to the bed, so that you don't have to go far to alert the cops. Also it's good to have a big house. If your house is small, you won't always make it to the front door before the thief escapes. And remember to move away from the door when the cops arrive. They can't enter the house if you're blocking the entrance. Keep Outta my Property!!: Your Sims won't leap fences so build fences all around your lot to keep burglers Out! Use this at night so you don't get robbed but destroy a section during the day. In- game Tutorial: Go to options, and click on the icon with the house and the arrow above it. This will give you a walkthrough of The Sims if your having trouble. Immediately Stop Crook: If you put a burglar alarm on each corner of your house, the alarm will go off as soon as a thief steps on to your lot. Hey DJ.!: If you want new songs for your radio, you can play your own MP3 songs . There are directories in in your Sims game folder titled latin, rock, country, and classical. Just copy an MP3 and put it in one of these directories. Now you can hear your own songs while listening to your sims radio. Fire! Fire! Put a smoke detector over the oven or fire place, so when there is a fire, the Fire Department will come right away. Magic Garbage Bag: The following trick will save the time needed to take the garbage to the street. Buy the 3. 0 simoleon trash can. Order your Sim to empty it, then cancel the order just as they remove the bag from the trashcan. Then, order them to pick up the mess that they just created. Your Sim will return the full bag to an empty can. Repeat this each time it fills and trash will never have to be brought outside again. Be Late for Work and Not Get in Trouble: First you have to turn 'Free Will' off. Then you get some body who isnt working (or even someone who is) and have them stand in front of your ride to work, and then you can have the late person shower, eat, drink coffee, and even have a quick cat nap!!! Then when you want the late person to go to work, have him just get in the car, and have the person infront of the car go to work also!!! Or if he doesn't work, he can have a nap to! More Time For Other Things: Hate runing out of personality points when making a new sim. Don't waste points on neatness, give zip for that and use those valuable points on the other traits. Then when you move into a house, simply hire a maid. But the trash brings the room score down, and the maid only comes at 1. Then you can spend time doing important stuff instead of cleaning the house! Have a PARTY!: Buy some balloons and set them in front of your lawn. All your neighbors will know where all the fun is at, and will come to your place! Before he leaves, use the 'move. So much for paying that! Same goes for trash, and anything else you don't want to deal with! How to Get Married: Have two of your sims fall in love, and have their relationship bar reach 1. But this task takes awhile, and make sure they pay attention to one another for this to happen. Don't Slap Me!: When your in a bad relationship with someone and they want to slap you, you can cancel this action by canceling it from the bar on the top of your screen (this is really helpful if you want to improve a relationship!). How to Get Divorced: Have them not pay attention to each other. Eventually, there relationship bar for each other will drop, when it drops very low, have them tease each other, insult, etc. Pretty soon, the divorce icon will appear. Click it, and one of them will move out. How to Get a Job: You need to earn a living. Either buy a computer, our wait for the daily paper to come. You can look for a job with either one. How to Quit Your Job: When the car pool comes to pick you up, don't go. Shortly thereafter, the car will drive away. A few minutes later, you will receive a phone call giving you a warning not to be late again. Repeat this one more time, and you will receive another phone call, and guess what. No Work AND Pay: When you haven't been to work in 3+ days you will receive a phone call from the boss telling you, you're fired. To avoid this simply don't answer the phone. Get a Car: Of course you can't ride it, but you can look at it all you want! Type in the cheat move. Now you can move the car anywhere you want! You can put it in your house, backyard, or make your own look- a- like garage! How to Get Promoted: If you want to get payed more for your job, show up energized from good sleep, or a cup of coffee. Also, if you do get promoted, check the job screen for your sim. Certain skills are needed to succeed in your job. For example: (If you are a Medical Assistant, and your promoted to Medic, you will need to improve on your mechanical skill. You can study mechanical from a bookcase). How to Earn Good Grades: If you have children, it's best to have a bookcase, or a computer in the house for them to study. But if they're depressed, you should look at there mood bars, and check what's upsetting them. Fix it, and make them study. To check what their progess in school is, go to the job screen for your child. Their school grade is posted there. Dollar School Award: You must have kids first. Make them study hard, and have there report card say A+ for about a couple of days. The kids will return from school saying . First get your sim to get a snack from the fridge. When your sim opens the refridgerator door, quickly stop the . He will place the snack on the floor. Now you can pick it up and eat it without paying for it. Less Bills: Keep an unpaid bill until the mailman delivers the next set of bills. Pay the original bill when your mailbox is filled with the next set of bills. This should cause the bills inside the mailbox to disappear. Bump off a Disliked Character. Get Free Stuff: You can kill yourself in this game. You need to be a terrible cook, no cooking skill points at all. Then, when you cook food while in a bad mood, the stove has a chance of catching on fire. When it does this, don't call the fire department or get them to come in any other way. Just tell the guy to walk as close to the fire as you can. The fire should spread in different directions. The fire can spread onto the person. Then eventually the person will shrivel away in the flames. It will show a little notice telling you that the person has died. When the fire is gone you should see a little silver urn. If you go into buy mode and move it outside with the hand icon it will turn into a tombstone. You can select other people to go to the urn/tombstone and make them cry over it, it doesn't matter if they even knew the person, occasionally at midnight exactly, not every night, a pale green figure of the person that died will walk through the house. If you select a new family to move into the house they will get to keep everything the dead guy owned except for the stuff that was burnt in the fire. Other Ways of Killing Someone: When the kitchen catches fire, remove all the doors. Or when your character dives into the pool, remove the ladders and your character will drown. But you need to do it while they are diving. If you do it earlier, your character wont dive, and later you dont get to remove the ladders. Pillar Disappearing Trick: When you build the second story and you want to build out? Build pillars on the first floor to extend the tile space. The pillars, a lot of times get in the way so when you place them and build floor tiles on the second story, you can delete the pillars and the people can still purchase and place items that area. As well as move freely around that space. Smoke/Fire Alarm Tip: To get maximum coverage with your alarms, leave a gap in the wall where your door would go when dividing up the rooms. Mean Ghosts: You must have tombstones in your yard for this to work. Go outside by the stones around midnight and wait. A couple of minutes later, a ghost will appear to haunt you, and they will sneak up behind you to scare you! BOOO!!! Create a Family Album: Go to the camera icon and you will be in the camera options. Click on what picture size you want, and the big white outlined box is where the picture will be. Click the mouse, you've taken a picture! It's fun to take pictures when your sims are fighting, running away from ghosts, etc. Sim Fighting Match: Have two of your sims argue, and do upsetting things to each other until the relationship bar reaches - 1. A new icon should appear saying ! First, lay out a complete ground layer of pillars. You'll need lots to form a surface to build on. Next build your second floor home on top of these pillars. It's important that you do ALL the structural work at this point; get all the walls placed and floors put in. Don't forget the stairs! Next, simply switch to the ground floor, and delete all the pillars. The house will remain standing, completely unsupported by anything except thin air! A castle in the clouds for your Sims! Get to School Bus Faster: Don't have your kid sim leave right away, instead, wait until there is about 1. This also gives you time to take a shower and eat without rushing. Take a Day Off Work: Going to work everyday is a big hastle! Access this form via website at: hawaii.gov/dcca/pvl. ENTITY - Corporation, Partnership, Joint Venture, LLP or LLC. Briefly, the requirements for a license are: 1.Licensing Classifications. Contractors State License Board. Tweet. California Code of Regulations. 1 June 20, 2014 DESCRIPTION OF CONTRACTOR LICENSE CLASSIFICATIONS I. Introduction The following are selected excerpts from the Contractors License Board’s laws and rules pertaining to the various contractor license. Title 1. 6, Division 8, Article 3. Classifications(a) Limited specialty is a specialty contractor classification limited to a field and scope of operations of specialty contracting for which an applicant is qualified other than any of the specialty contractor classifications listed and defined in this article.(b) An applicant classified and licensed in the classification Limited Specialty shall confine activities as a contractor to that field or fields and scope of operations set forth in the application and accepted by the Registrar or to that permitted by Section 8. Upon issuance of a C- 6. Registrar shall endorse upon the face of the original license certificate the field and scope of operations in which the licensee has demonstrated qualifications.(d) A specialty contractor, other than a C- 6. Classification C- 6. The CSLB has listed the C- 6. The definitions for the.
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CMHC — Programs and Financial Assistance. Browse through CMHC’s affordable housing success stories and videos. These personal accounts demonstrate the positive impact affordable housing investments have made on the lives of Canadians. Housing needs for 2. Canadian individuals and families cannot be met by the marketplace. To help, CMHC works with its government, industry, and non- profit partners to improve access to affordable housing for these Canadians. CMHC’s $2 billion annual investment in housing is improving the quality of life for low- income Canadians, including, seniors, persons with disabilities, people at risk of homelessness and Aboriginal people. Part of this investment includes providing support to help individuals and families living in existing social housing off and on reserve. It also includes approximately $2. Investment in Affordable Housing (IAH). The IAH gives your provincial or territorial government the flexibility to provide affordable housing programs that meet your community’s housing needs. Under the IAH, provinces and territories match CMHC’s investment and report to their citizens on how they are using the funding to improve access to affordable housing. You can find the reporting done by your province or territory here. Find out more about the affordable housing programs offered by your province or territory. Information on housing and assistance programs. Its coverage includes private housing, housing that receives Federal. Disability Housing: A Disabled. Get this from a library! A guide to Federal housing programs for the mentally disabled.
Housing Grants for Disabled Veterans. The table below provides an overview of VA's housing grant programs for Veterans with certain service-connected. Housing Programs Housing Plans Reports. UPDATE: All Oahu Waiting Lists for Federal Public Housing. I applied for federal public housing and am disabled. CBO describes federal housing assistance to low-income households and how it has changed since 2000, provides information about the households that receive assistance. Drawing and Drafting Tools: Cleaning. Share Pin Tweet Submit Stumble Post. Avoid These 10 Common Beginner Mistakes; How to Draw a Dog in 8 Steps; New to Drawing? Here's How You Should Hold.Drawing - Wikipedia. Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two- dimensional medium. Instruments include graphitepencils, pen and ink, inkedbrushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, various metals (such as silverpoint) and electronic drawing. A drawing instrument releases small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark. Technical drawing instruments; Ihr Merkzettel: 0 Artikel. Which product are you looking for? Show all products; Technical drawing instruments (28) Compasses (10) Rulers & set squares (7. The Basic of Using AutoCAD Drawing Tools. This is how you can see options for creating rectangle. The most common way is defining 2 points, but you can also define it by using other methods. If you see in the command. Technical drawing tools are the tools used for technical drawing, including, and not limited to: pens, rulers. There are also specific templates to provide user with the most common symbols in use in different branches of. A Word about Drawing Tools. You can find a host of drawing tools on the market. Here’s some information, to help you choose the best gear for you. Natural state and processed drawing tools. Drafting Tools Complete selection of professional drafting tools for architects, engineers, students and schools. DraftingSteals offers more than a. Drawing Materials - Everything You Need to Get Started Welcome to the drawing materials section. I use a variety of blending tools when I am drawing. The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used. Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything. The medium has been a popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history. It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas. A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a finished work, is sometimes called a sketch. An artist who practices or works in technical drawing may be called a drafter, draftsman or a draughtsman. It is generally concerned with the marking of lines and areas of tone onto paper/other material, where the accurate representation of the visual world is expressed upon a plane surface. In Western terminology, drawing is distinct from painting, even though similar media often are employed in both tasks. Dry media, normally associated with drawing, such as chalk, may be used in pastel paintings. Drawing may be done with a liquid medium, applied with brushes or pens. Similar supports likewise can serve both: painting generally involves the application of liquid paint onto prepared canvas or panels, but sometimes an underdrawing is drawn first on that same support. Drawing is often exploratory, with considerable emphasis on observation, problem- solving and composition. Drawing is also regularly used in preparation for a painting, further obfuscating their distinction. Drawings created for these purposes are called studies. There are several categories of drawing, including figure drawing, cartooning, doodling, free hand and shading. There are also many drawing methods, such as line drawing, stippling, shading, the surrealist method of entopic graphomania (in which dots are made at the sites of impurities in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots), and tracing (drawing on a translucent paper, such as tracing paper, around the outline of preexisting shapes that show through the paper). A quick, unrefined drawing may be called a sketch. In fields outside art, technical drawings or plans of buildings, machinery, circuitry and other things are often called . Throughout much of history, drawing was regarded as the foundation for artistic practise. At this point, drawing was commonly used as a tool for thought and investigation, acting as a study medium whilst artists were preparing for their final pieces of work. Before the widespread availability of paper, 1. European monasteries used intricate drawings to prepare illustrated, illuminated manuscripts on vellum and parchment. Drawing has also been used extensively in the field of science, as a method of discovery, understanding and explanation. In 1. 61. 6, astronomer Galileo Galilei explained the changing phases of the moon through his observational telescopic drawings. Most drawing media are either dry (e. Watercolor pencils can be used dry like ordinary pencils, then moistened with a wet brush to get various painterly effects. Very rarely, artists have drawn with (usually decoded) invisible ink. Metalpoint drawing usually employs either of two metals: silver or lead. Smooth paper is good for rendering fine detail, but a more . Thus a coarser material is useful for producing deeper contrast. Newsprint and typing paper may be useful for practice and rough sketches. Tracing paper is used to experiment over a half- finished drawing, and to transfer a design from one sheet to another. Cartridge paper is the basic type of drawing paper sold in pads. Bristol board and even heavier acid- free boards, frequently with smooth finishes, are used for drawing fine detail and do not distort when wet media (ink, washes) are applied. Vellum is extremely smooth and suitable for very fine detail. Coldpressed watercolor paper may be favored for ink drawing due to its texture. Acid- free, archival quality paper keeps its color and texture far longer than wood pulp based paper such as newsprint, which turns yellow and become brittle much sooner. The basic tools are a drawing board or table, pencil sharpener and eraser, and for ink drawing, blotting paper. Other tools used are circle compass, ruler, and set square. Fixative is used to prevent pencil and crayon marks from smudging. Drafting tape is used to secure paper to drawing surface, and also to mask an area to keep it free of accidental marks sprayed or spattered materials and washes. An easel or slanted table is used to keep the drawing surface in a suitable position, which is generally more horizontal than the position used in painting. Technique. They may try different drawing implements on practice sheets to determine value and texture, and how to apply the implement to produce various effects. The artist's choice of drawing strokes affects the appearance of the image. Pen and ink drawings often use hatching. Broken hatching, or lines with intermittent breaks, form lighter tones. Stippling, uses dots to produce tone, texture or shade. Different textures can be achieved depending on the method used to build tone. Typically a drawing is filled in based on which hand the artist favors. A right- handed artist draws from left to right to avoid smearing the image. Erasers can remove unwanted lines, lighten tones, and clean up stray marks. In a sketch or outline drawing, lines drawn often follow the contour of the subject, creating depth by looking like shadows cast from a light in the artist's position. Sometimes the artist leaves a section of the image untouched while filling in the remainder. The shape of the area to preserve can be painted with masking fluid or cut out of a frisket and applied to the drawing surface, protecting the surface from stray marks until the mask is removed. Another method to preserve a section of the image is to apply a spray- on fixative to the surface. This holds loose material more firmly to the sheet and prevents it from smearing. However the fixative spray typically uses chemicals that can harm the respiratory system, so it should be employed in a well- ventilated area such as outdoors. Another technique is subtractive drawing in which the drawing surface is covered with graphite or charcoal and then erased to make the image. Careful attention to reflected light, shadows and highlights can result in a very realistic rendition of the image. Blending uses an implement to soften or spread the original drawing strokes. Blending is most easily done with a medium that does not immediately fix itself, such as graphite, chalk, or charcoal, although freshly applied ink can be smudged, wet or dry, for some effects. For shading and blending, the artist can use a blending stump, tissue, a kneaded eraser, a fingertip, or any combination of them. A piece of chamois is useful for creating smooth textures, and for removing material to lighten the tone. Continuous tone can be achieved with graphite on a smooth surface without blending, but the technique is laborious, involving small circular or oval strokes with a somewhat blunt point. Shading techniques that also introduce texture to the drawing include hatching and stippling. A number of other methods produce texture. In addition to the choice of paper, drawing material and technique affect texture. Texture can be made to appear more realistic when it is drawn next to a contrasting texture; a coarse texture is more obvious when placed next to a smoothly blended area. A similar effect can be achieved by drawing different tones close together. A light edge next to a dark background stands out to the eye, and almost appears to float above the surface. Form and proportion. Tools such as a compass can be used to measure the angles of different sides. These angles can be reproduced on the drawing surface and then rechecked to make sure they are accurate. Another form of measurement is to compare the relative sizes of different parts of the subject with each other. A finger placed at a point along the drawing implement can be used to compare that dimension with other parts of the image. A ruler can be used both as a straightedge and a device to compute proportions. When attempting to draw a complicated shape such as a human figure, it is helpful at first to represent the form with a set of primitive volumes. Almost any form can be represented by some combination of the cube, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Once these basic volumes have been assembled into a likeness, then the drawing can be refined into a more accurate and polished form. The lines of the primitive volumes are removed and replaced by the final likeness. Drawing the underlying construction is a fundamental skill for representational art, and is taught in many books and schools. Its correct application resolves most uncertainties about smaller details, and makes the final image look consistent. A trained artist is familiar with the skeleton structure, joint location, muscle placement, tendon movement, and how the different parts work together during movement. This allows the artist to render more natural poses that do not appear artificially stiff. The artist is also familiar with how the proportions vary depending on the age of the subject, particularly when drawing a portrait. Perspective. Each set of parallel, straight edges of any object, whether a building or a table, follows lines that eventually converge at a vanishing point. Typically this convergence point is somewhere along the horizon, as buildings are built level with the flat surface. Basic Drawing Tools You Need. All drawing tools you need are surprisingly simple. One of the best things on drawing is that you can start right away with inconsiderable investment. Since I currently live in Japan, I have available only Japanese drawing instruments and I can tell you they are fantastic. All I can say is that Japanese stationary products are one of the highest qualities in the world, if not the highest and, this is not an exaggeration. Sketch Book or Drawing Bookclick on the image to enlarge. If you are only exercising choose the simplest and cheapest sketch book for children. It is usually available in many formats. I would recommend starting from B4 format because you can make many drawings, sketches and studies on one single page. The important thing is that you draw and thus train your brain to function in relaxed mood. I can tell you, that working by tracing paper is an excellent exercise to catch the shape of the picture. Since this requires you to work in standing position on the vertical flat surface, you may feel slight tiredness in your arms. In such case just stop drawing for a while, relax and continue later. By tracing you can do it absolutely effortlessly while learning and practicing. Yes, tracing paper is also one of the excellent drawing tools – instruments. HB Pencilclick on the image to enlarge. HB pencil is probably the most popular hardness of a pencil, because it is neither too soft nor too hard. It allows you to draw a large variety of pencil drawings and sketches and, is excellent for shading. HB Sharp Pencilclick on the image to enlarge. A sharp pencil is one of an indispensable drawing tools used in technical drawing and architecture. But it is also very useful in artistic drawing. The biggest advantage is that you do not need to sharpen it. Refills are very cheap too. There are sharp pencils with metallic made body and (in my opinion) they are a bit heavy for artistic drawing. You need a light pencil in your hand not a heavy piece of metal stick. There, it is quite helpful because you draw only by ruler and the weight of the pencil helps you to stabilize your hand. Pen Shaped Eraserclick on the image to enlarge. I am not sure if the “Pen- Shaped- Eraser” is the correct name for this thing, but the picture tells you what I mean. Among many types and shapes of erasers choose for your drawings and sketches something like this. It is tremendously helpful, because the size of the eraser is always slim and that is what you need almost always. It is very difficult to do it with the traditional piece of eraser. So, in order to make your drawing work easy it is better to have one like this. It is just this type of eraser by which you will be able to highlight the bright spots on your drawings easily. You can “draw by eraser” the shining parts in human hair or animal’s fur; it is tremendously useful when you draw grass or other plants. Standard Plastic Eraser. I think this type of eraser needs not to be introduced. You are already very familiar with this. However, among importance of drawing tools it comes next to pencil, e. Pencil Grips click the image to enlarge. Loose Pencil Grip is very convenient when you draw approximate lines or while you sketch. I recommend this technique in almost every drawing or sketch. Try it and you’ll see the results. Tissue Paper & Cotton Swab click the image to enlarge. Yes, tissue paper or cotton swabs are also excellent drawing tools. When you want to un- sharp the pencil strokes and blur or blend some parts on your drawing, use a piece of tissue paper or cotton swab. A FISH AND BABY TIGER TAKEN TIME 4 HOUR. USE OF PENCILS- 6. B, CHARCOL HARD MEDIUM , SOFT ETC. USE PAPER- A4 SIZE See The Drawing. Oct 1. 4, 1. 6 0. AMThis is my rose. This rose is the first time that I painted a rose using acrylics. See The Drawing. Oct 1. AMboth me and my Daughter love the game Kingdom hearts so I Drew sora for her See The Drawing. Oct 1. 2, 1. 6 1. PMEhh.. I kinda got her arms a little fat. See The Drawing. Oct 1. PMI WILL BE WITH U EVEN AFTER MY DEATHSee The Drawing. Oct 1. 2, 1. 6 1. 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Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying: a systematic and meta-analytic review Maria M. Farrington Published online. Punishment and school. Each year 30% of students are the target of bullying and cyberbullying. No Bully is an evidence based program that. The No Bully School Partnership is an integrated. What Works in Bullying Prevention The most effective programs to reduce bullying start with training and take a comprehensive approach involving collaboration between. Evidence Based Program, High school, Middle School.Center for Problem- Oriented Policing . As pressure increases to place officers in schools, police agencies must decide how best to contribute to student safety. Will police presence on campuses most enhance safety? If police cannot or should not be on every campus, can they make other contributions to student safety? What are good approaches and practices? Perhaps more than any other school safety problem, bullying affects students' sense of security. The most effective ways to prevent or lessen bullying require school administrators' commitment and intensive effort; police interested in increasing school safety can use their influence to encourage schools to address the problem. This guide provides police with information about bullying in schools, its extent and its causes, and enables police to steer schools away from common remedies that have proved ineffective elsewhere, and to develop ones that will work. Once thought of as simply a rite of passage or relatively harmless behavior that helps build young people's character, bullying is now known to have long- lasting harmful effects, for both the victim and the bully. Bullying is often mistakenly viewed as a narrow range of antisocial behavior confined to elementary school recess yards. In the United States, awareness of the problem is growing, especially with reports that in two- thirds of the recent school shootings (for which the shooter was still alive to report), the attackers had previously been bullied. It occurs slightly less often in middle schools, and less so, but still frequently, in high schools. Research from some countries has shown that, without intervention, bullies are much more likely to develop a criminal record than their peers. Definition of Bullying. Bullying has two key components: repeated harmful acts and an imbalance of power. It involves repeated physical, verbal or psychological attacks or intimidation directed against a victim who cannot properly defend him- or herself because of size or strength, or because the victim is outnumbered or less psychologically resilient. Bullying includes assault, tripping, intimidation, rumorspreading and isolation, demands for money, destruction of property, theft of valued possessions, destruction of another's work, and name- calling. In the United States, several other school behaviors (some of which are illegal) are recognized as forms of bullying, such as: sexual harassment (e. Not all taunting, teasing and fighting among schoolchildren constitutes bullying. Rather, bullying entails repeated acts by someone perceived as physically or psychologically more powerful. Related Problems. Bullying in schools shares some similarities to the related problems listed below, each of which requires its own analysis and response. This guide does not directly address these problems: bullying of teachers by students,bullying among inmates in juvenile detention facilities, andbullying as a means of gaining and retaining youth gang members and compelling them to commit crimes. Chronic victims of bullying, bullied once a week or more, generally constitute between 8 and 2. In the United States, fewer studies have been done. A recent study of a nationally representative sample of students found higher levels of bullying in America than in some other countries. Thirteen percent of sixth- through 1. This study excluded elementary- age students (who often experience high levels of bullying) and did not limit bullying to school grounds. Several smaller studies from different parts of the country confirm high levels of bullying behaviors, with 1. Surveys from a variety of countries confirm that many victims and witnesses fail to tell teachers or even parents. As a result, teachers may underestimate the extent of bullying in their school and may be able to identify only a portion of the actual bullies. Studies also suggest that children do not believe that most teachers intervene when told about bullying. One reason may be that, historically, adults' responses have been so disappointing. Although most students agree that bullying is wrong, witnesses rarely tell teachers and only infrequently intervene on behalf of the victim. Some students worry that intervening will raise a bully's wrath and make him or her the next target. In a study of bullying in junior and senior high schools in small Midwestern towns, 8. While some researchers refer to witnesses as . In each bullying act, there is a victim, the ringleader bully, assistant bullies (they join in), reinforcers (they provide an audience or laugh with or encourage the bully), outsiders (they stay away or take no sides), and defenders (they step in, stick up for or comfort the victim). Studies suggest only between 1. Bullying Behavior. Despite country and cultural differences, certain similarities by gender, age, location, and type of victimization appear in bullying in the U. S. These latter forms of bullying are referred to as . Girls tend to bully girls, while boys bully both boys and girls. Consistently, studies indicate that boys are more likely to bully than girls. Some studies show that boys are more often victimized, at least during elementary school years; others show that bullies victimize girls and boys in near equal proportions. Bullies often do not operate alone. In the United Kingdom, two different studies found that almost half the incidents of bullying are one- on- one, while the other half involves additional youngsters. Bullying does not end in elementary school. Middle school seems to provide ample opportunities for bullying, although at lesser rates. The same is true of the beginning years of high school. Bullying by boys declines substantially after age 1. Bullying by girls begins declining significantly at age 1. Researchers generally believe that bullying rates are unrelated to school or class size, or to whether a school is in a city or suburb (although one study found that reporting was higher in inner- city schools). Schools in socially disadvantaged areas seem to have higher bullying rates,2. There is a strong belief that the degree of the school principal's involvement (discussed later in this guide) helps determine the level of bullying. There is some evidence that racial bullying occurs in the United States. In a nationally representative study combining data about bullying at and outside of school, 2. The study also found that black youth reported being bullied less than their Hispanic and white peers. Racial bullying is also a problem in Canada and England. Clearly, much depends on the victim's vulnerability, yet certain types of bullying may have longer- term impact on the victim. It is also unclear what happens when a bully stops bullying. Does another student take that bully's place? Must the victim also change his or her behavior to prevent another student from stepping in? While specific studies on displacement have not been done, it appears that the more comprehensive the school approach to tackling bullying, the less opportunity there is for another bully to rise up. Bullies. Many of the European and Scandinavian studies concur that bullies tend to be aggressive, dominant and slightly below average in intelligence and reading ability (by middle school), and most evidence suggests that bullies are at least of average popularity. The belief that bullies . Bullies tend to be drawn disproportionately from lower socioeconomic- status families with poor child- rearing techniques, tend to be impulsive, and tend to be unsuccessful. Their parents tend to frequently criticize them and strictly control them. Dutch (and other) researchers have found a correlation between harsh physical punishments such as beatings, strict disciplinarian parents and bullying. In U. S. Others suggest that bullies have keen insight into others' mental states and take advantage of that by picking on the emotionally less resilient. Along this line, there is some suggestion, currently being explored in research in the United States and elsewhere, that those who bully in the early grades are initially popular and considered leaders. However, by the third grade, the aggressive behavior is less well- regarded by peers, and those who become popular are those who do not bully. Some research also suggests that . As they learn the reactions of their peers, their pool of victims becomes increasingly smaller, and their choice of victims more consistent. This indicates that identifying chronic victims early on can be important for effective intervention. A number of researchers believe that bullying occurs due to a combination of social interactions with parents, peers and teachers. The history of the parent- child relationship may contribute to cultivating a bully, and low levels of peer and teacher intervention combine to create opportunities for chronic bullies to thrive (as will be discussed later). Incidents of Bullying. Bullying most often occurs where adult supervision is low or absent: schoolyards, cafeterias, bathrooms, hallways . For instance, if bullying occurs in a cafeteria while students vie for places in line for food, line management techniques, perhaps drawn from crime prevention through environmental design, could limit the opportunity to bully. A number of studies have found that bullying also occurs in classrooms and on school buses, although less so than in recess areas and hallways. Upon greater scrutiny, one may find that in certain classrooms, bullying thrives, and in others, it is rare. Classroom bullying may have more to do with the classroom management techniques a teacher uses than with the number of adult supervisors in the room. Other areas also offer opportunities for bullying. The Internet, still relatively new, creates opportunities for cyber- bullies, who can operate anonymously and harm a wide audience. For example, middle school, high school and college students from Los Angeles' San Fernando Valley area posted website messages that were. Victims of Bullying. |
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